Neodiplostomum seoulensis
Disease. Neodiplostomiasis
Geographic distribution. Korea and China
Infection rate. Human infections are found only from Korea and China. Prevalence is unknown.
Life cycle. The first intermediate hosts are freshwater snails, Hippeutis cantori and Segmentina (Polypylis) hemisphaerula. The second intermediate hosts are tadpoles and frogs. House rat is the natural definitive host. Terrestrial snakes, such as the grass snake Rhabdophis tigrina are regarded as the paratenic host. Mice, rats, and guinea pigs have been found to be susceptible laboratory hosts.
Morphology. The adult worms are conspicuously bisegmented, spoon shaped, 0.8-1.2 by 0.4-0.5 mm in size, and well developed ventral concavity of the forebody. Tribocytic organ is approximately circular or elliptic, about 1/3 length of the forebody, and lying just behind the posterior border of the ventral sucker. The eggs are golden yellow in color, elliptical with thin shell, asymmetrical, operculum inapparent, no wrinkles, and 86-99 by 55-63 mm in size.
Pathology and clinical symptoms. Comparing it with other intestinal flukes such as heterophyids and echinostomes that cause only mild gastrointestinal troubled unless severely infected, N. seoulense seems to be more harmful for their definitive hosts. The human case complained of severe symptoms, including headache, epigastric cramps, fullness, discomfort, pain, and sudden onset of fever.
Diagnosis. The diagnosis is based on the recovery of the typical eggs.
Prevention. Ingestion of raw or improperly cooked flesh of snakes or frogs should be avoided. Treatment. The drug of choice is praziquantel (Distocide¢ç) as a single 10 mg/ kg dose.
Comments. Differential diagnosis is required from the eggs of other trematodes or cestodes, particularly from those of echinostomatiids, fascioliids, Paragonimus, Diphyllobothrium, etc. Jong-Yil Chai
A Neodiplostomum seoulense egg containing a fully matured miracidium with two eyespots. The egg was obtained by embryonating in the laboratory. (Seo et al. 1988. Korean J Parasitol 26:179-188). Sung-Jong Hong
The egg of Neodiplostomum seoulense Woon-Mok Sohn
The embryonated egg of Neodiplostomum seoulense Woon-Mok Sohn
Egg of Fasciola sp. from human. Woon-Mok Sohn
Cercaria of Neodiplostomum seoulense, shedded from a planorbid snail, Hippeutis cantori. Sung-Jong Hong
Miracidium of Neodiplostomum seoulense. Note a crescent-shaped eyespot and the cillia covering surface. 119 um long and 34 um wide. Unstained. Sung-Jong Hong
Miracidium of Neodiplostomum seoulense, stained by silver impregnation method. Note the epidermal plates arranged in four rows. (Seo et al. 1988. Korean J Parasitol 26:179-188). Sung-Jong Hong
Neodiplostomun seoulense, lateral view, recovered from an experimental rat. Acetocarmine stained. Sung-Jong Hong
Hippeutis cantori : first intermediate host of Neodiplostomum seoulense PR Chung/YK Park
Hippeutis (Helicorbis) cantori, collected at a rice paddy, Kyunggi-do, Korea. The first intermediate host of Neodiplostomum seoulense. Sung-Jong Hong
Tadpoles of a frog, Rana nigromaculata. It serves as the second intermediate host of Neodiplostom seoulense. Sung-Jong Hong
A pathologic section of rat duedenum infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. H & E stained. Sung-Jong Hong